Check file encoding mac. Edit: Exactly the same is true for the Git GUI.

Check file encoding mac Sep 2, 2017 · You can determine a files encoding and character set through the command line in Mac OS (and linux) by using the “file” command, which helps to retrieve general and specific information about a file type. If using the graphical settings page in VSCode, simply search for encoding. Open the file in Excel and in the Text Import Wizard choose: Step 1: File origin: ignore it, it doesn't matter what you choose If you have a large collection of TeX files files in a legacy encoding, then you may wish to swap Texifier to the older encoding rather than converting the files to the up to date UTF-8 encoding. And one of these files has different line terminators. txt text/plain; charset=utf-8. You can now pick a new encoding for that file. 5. There’s no sure-fire way of doing it. Using iconv on Mac, convert the file to UTF-16 Little-Endian + name it *. Click Save with encoding. Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-16); check if the uploaded data has a BOM (the first few bytes in the file, which would map to the unicode character U+FEFF - 2 bytes for UTF-16, 3 for UTF-8), or if May 22, 2011 · Does your UTF-8 files have a byte order mark? In that case you could simply check the value of the first 3 bytes to determine if the files are UTF-8 or not. I figure that I should be using the utf8_decode() function when reading the files, In the TextEdit app on your Mac, choose File > Open, then select the file (don’t open it). Dec 2, 2015 · [[ $(file -b - < myfile. *try macroman, x-mac-roman etc if macintosh is not found Oct 15, 2008 · For debugging purposes, I need to recursively search a directory for all files which start with a UTF-8 byte order mark (BOM). Open Terminal for me Jul 25, 2009 · Here is example Tested in mac 10. This calculator can be useful to read a text file in an obsolete encoding. dat Oct 8, 2024 · Reload: load the file in the editor from disk and apply encoding changes to the editor only. Question: How can I determine the character encoding used in the excel file so I can import it correctly into another piece of software? Oct 12, 2016 · Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have To convert from encoding a to encoding b, you need to know what encoding a is. Windows does provide IstextUnicode to give you a guess at whether some text is unicode (in this case meaning UTF-16) or not, but 1) it's only good for Unicode, and 2) the result is only a guess anyway. Example against a file containing PEM encoded private key: file mypemfile Output: mypemfile: PEM RSA private key Example against an OpenSSH file containing a private key: file id_rsa Output: id_rsa: OpenSSH private key Example against an OpenSSH file containing a Sep 7, 2015 · But the file seems somehow corrupt. NET 4 or above to run. Given that . These are a collection of ascii XML files in a zip archive which makes it a binary file. There are steps below: File encoding refers to the way text is represented in a file. ã is marked with <8b>, Ç = <82> encoding a is very likely Mac OS Roman. On either OS, be sure to look under the Codec Details tab for resolution information. A DOCX file can be renamed to a ZIP file and opened by WinZIP software. Any help or ideas? Thank a lot. Convert: overwrite the file with the chosen encoding. Here's a discussion from a git developer's mailing list giving an explanation: Make diffs and blame default to the system (locale) encoding instead of hard-coding UTF-8. Or piped after a git show to read the content of a specific file, e. /README. They make new encodings rather than using the existing Encoding. May 4, 2016 · To remove the double-encoding, you need to convert the file from UTF-8 to the character set that was wrongly used as the source character set when the second conversion to utf8 was done. Filename encoding is defined by filesystem. CTRL + S (Windows, Linux) or CMD + S (Mac OS) briefly displays the current encoding - between parentheses - in the status bar, at the bottom of the editor's window. You can choose one of the above explained methods to permanently change the app setting or only apply the encoding when saving or opening a file. File Encoding Checker requires Microsoft . If you don’t see the encoding you want, choose Customize Encodings List, then select the encodings to include. Attached below are the two respective screenshots of the same CSV file opened. It first has to call appropriate OS function to list the directory, then print received file details to the console. Files that contain embedded escape sequences or overstriking will also be identified. The result had some unicode garbage in it, but I don't know which step created the issue. Mar 18, 2024 · $ file -bi text1. I want to get the encoding of the file and check if it is Shift-JIS (Encoding Japan) or not. Common binary files are images (jpeg, gif, png) or compressed files. txt text/plain; charset=us-ascii $ file -bi text2. Jun 16, 2020 · All information on this site is shared with the intention to help. 6 Other editors with Hex mode can show you also. ) examine the file by yourself: you can open a text file without any decoding or heuristic with M-xfind-file-literallyRET; or you can go closer to the metal (hex editor) with M-xhexl-find-fileRET or for current file M-xhexl-modeRET Dec 28, 2023 · Maybe the original encoding was MAC (note the final UTF-8 in my commands is only because Linux expects it; the original encoding could be anything), converted to WINDOWS-1252, edited as if it was MAC (i. See Bash script: check if a file is a text file. You will see the content changes related to the chosen encoding, but the actual file will not change. What should I do to make it use UTF-8 to read this file? May 25, 2020 · If you see junk characters in TextEdit file, first thing you need to do is to change the character encoding to UTF-8 and check it that solves the problem. encoding option to allow $ file file. Also can change file or string encoding to another (selected) one. The UTF encodings you’re unlikely to get false positives on, but the 8-bit encodings are tough, especially if you don’t know the starting language. Text. Otherwise the standard method is to check if the file is legal UTF-8 all the way through, if so it is most likely supposed to be read as UTF-8. I created an Excel macro to determine ANSI vs. To change these settings in the Terminal app on your Mac, choose Terminal > Settings, then click Encodings. some text using MAC encoding was added or appended) and converted from MAC to WINDOWS-1252 again. The encoding is detected using chardet Jul 16, 2010 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand Nov 25, 2016 · Rather than FileStream, use StreamReader. txt test. The encoding Python uses to open the file does not necessarily correspond with the encoding of the data in the file; Python just uses the platform's default encoding. Tools and commands are available on Windows, Linux, and Mac to help determine file encoding. Apr 6, 2015 · If the characters you see in the file are the same you see on this web page, you cannot use iconv: they actually are valid utf-8 characters. Sub GetTextFileEncoding() Dim sFile As String Dim sPath As String Dim sTextLine As String Dim iRow As Integer 'Set Defaults and Initial Values iRow = 1 sPath = "C:textfiles\" sFile = Dir(sPath & "*. On Linux and I believe Mac, that's UTF-8, while on Windows, it's CP1252, hence the comments above saying this always returns cp1252. txt umlaut-utf8. In Powershell, this command returns "True" for a Windows style file and "False" for a *nix style file. I wish that I could check the encoding at each step. Is there a UTF-8 BOM at the beginning? Then it's probably UTF-8. For example I opened same CSV file in note pad and Visual Studio Code. txt: UTF-8 Unicode text $ file latin1. For example, this tool will allow you to change the encoding of your file from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 or from UTF-8 to UTF-16. For Excel: Click Excel menu > About Microsoft Excel. xml, IntelliJ was trying to load all test files using UTF-8 instead of ISO-8859-1, so I found this in the IntelliJ docs: Encoding in IntelliJ Which, it basically was Open preferences (in macOS hit, command + ,) Go to Editor / File Encodings Feb 4, 2018 · Note, text encoding without bitwise requirements or specific identifying bytes can't really be detected, except heuristically. Do note however that this only applies to newly created files. Print sFile Aug 29, 2021 · When a read csv file with CSVHelper in C#. To do this, close all files and navigate to the File File Encoding menu on macOS, or Editor Preferences,Encoding on iOS and choose the encoding Files are either binary or ascii. ASCII); Since you require encoding 1250, this can be done with: StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(file, System. NET Framework 4 to run. You can also use the read. doc, . May 27, 2011 · The files & directories on the microSD card were created by copying them over a USB cable to an Android device, either via a mounted volume in Finder, or via Android File Transfer -- I don't remember which. md | file - /dev/stdin: ASCII text tells that the file . Looking at the reference source for StreamReader, that implementation is what more people will want. One tool to check "manually" is Notepad++. Oct 28, 2021 · I had a directory of files that I wanted to check. Under "Eastern European" you will find "ISO 8859-2", and under Central European "Windows-1250". Find file by name,convert encode ,then replace original file. Jan 26, 2011 · @user590885: you are right, skip=2 can be omitted (I edited my answer based on that), the second, blank line will be skipped. Unfortunately, it might be inaccurate as some characters are shared between sets and might just not be present in the file. file <filename> Possible output: <filename>: Unicode text, UTF-8 Done =) Reference: how to check the encoding of text? Mac – Check File Encoding For example: If you submit a DOCX file, the analysis results will identify the file both DOCX format and ZIP format. Tool can auto-detect your file or string encoding with confidence percentage. If you frequently work with such files but rarely want to choose an encoding standard, remember to switch this option off to I read the file sending in the UTF-8 encoding, remove all quotes (even numbers are quoted, so I need to clean them up) and then feed the contents to read. Jul 17, 2012 · You can't. you can also press ctrli. The code: Apr 16, 2017 · This answer is wrong. Mar 7, 2011 · A quick way to determine the type of a file on Linux is to use the file command. I can't find out whats the right encoding so I can make Python/Pandas process it accordingly. But unlike Mac, u don’t need to have the -I parameter. The trouble with regular file is this: Sometimes it's trying to be too smart/too specific. file -< filename works even if filename begins with -. txt extension forces Excel to run the Text Import Wizard): iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16LE filename. dat > abc_new. txt: ISO-8859 text Apr 24, 2013 · For my part, and without any plug-in, simply saving the file either from the File menu or with keyboards shortcuts. Detecting File Encoding on Windows Using Notepad Music app can do thisload up the mp3 files into your library; set your encoding settings bit rate (Music Preferences - Files - Import Settings); highlight all of the ones you want to reencode and then File -> Convert -> Create mp3 version. NTFS uses UTF-16. : $ git show @~2:README. txt. Once file has determined the character set used in a text-type file, it will attempt to determine in what language the file is written . encoding": "utf8". In Note Pad. I try with this code to get the standard encoding public static Encoding GetFileEncoding(string srcFile) { // *** Use Defau Jan 31, 2009 · Using unix or Cygwin, you can check the BOM with the file command. By the reason why UTF-8 doesn't default on the applications, according to this article File formats supported in Excel for Mac, if you use Excel 2016 for Mac, you can change the file origin to be default UTF-8. Change Encodings settings in Terminal on Mac. so` Note: the -b or --brief option prevents the output from echoing the file-name again, only shows the file-type and architecture as arm64 (for the new Apple Silicon chip M1): Mach-O 64-bit bundle arm64 See also: How to Determine File Type & Encoding from Command Line in Mac OS X. ~/. Additionally look at the character set menu point. In principle, inspection of the content is needed then, since the data can be interpreted both ways at the encoding level and only the content Jun 13, 2012 · @Narvalex you probably found it by now as your question is a few months old, but in VS 2017, if you select File -> Save [filename] As, you click the small down arrow on the Save button, and there is an option to Save With Encoding that will indicate the current encoding Mar 30, 2019 · A popup opens. In VS Code When you want to reflect the encoding of the text file in a Java program, you have to consider two thnigs: encoding and character set. That panel will not report the actual encoding, but will report US-ASCII or UTF-8 files as Plain Text Documents, CSV as that, Word documents as Open Office XML word processing documents, and so forth. When enabled it will guess the file's encoding as good as possible. Use the BOM as indicator whether it's big endian or little endian, then check the rest of the file whether it conforms. file in cp1251 - encoding is detected correctly file in cp866 - encoding is detected as cp1251 file in koi8r - encoding is detected as cp1251 Aug 31, 2020 · I need to convert file encoding from UTF-8 to ANSI format on AIX machine, iconv works but need to check the file encoding before conversion? I am looking for some options that I can add a condition to on top the iconv command. This is because DOCX documents are stored in Open Packaging Convention (OPC) packages, which are ZIP files containing XML and other data files. If it is correct utf8 string - use utf8 encoding. You can do this with iconv "by hand", or you can use file: $ file utf8. txt: UTF-8 Unicode text Sep 6, 2014 · The command file can still be used after a git checkout. txt then the syntax would look as so: With text/plain being the file type and unknown-8bit being the character set file encoding. In addition to the character set, Unicode adds rules for collation, normalization of forms, and the bidirectional algorithm for right-to-left scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew. js function" that can do this. For example: $ file sample2. But the file formats can be layered, such as DOCX or PPTX. txt utf8. file -b pydevd_cython. e. This worked for me. At the moment, my script struggles presumably due to the size of the file. CFUserTextEncoding). If the above didn't result in a positive match, check if the entire file is valid UTF-8. This tool can be used auto-detect your file encoding. In the status bar you can see the character encoding. cpython-310-darwin. And then you can check whether your data looks reasonable in some encoding. EDIT: In 2017's June release the files. “man sha256” does get you a bunch of incomprehensible information about Tcl packages that I don’t want to know about. Jan 7, 2013 · Most tools that attempt to make this distinction will try and decode the file as utf-8 (as that's the more strict encoding), and if that fails, then fall back to iso-8859-1. When you dir in command line it doesn't just copy bytes blindly. bash$ file -I filename filename: text/plain; charset=unknown-8bit Why is it telling me that the encoding is unknown? The first line of the file displays for me as “The Galaxy A5 and A3 offer a beautifully crafted full metal unibody Jan 12, 2022 · I have a folder full of ASCII text files that have the file information set so text editors on the mac believe they are Turkish. Alternative Dec 24, 2013 · Then it's probably UTF-16. txt") Do While Len(sFile) > 0 'Get FileType 'Debug. iconv -f utf-8 -t windows-1252 abc. It doesn't matter, though. Sep 8, 2017 · I'm having trouble to process a few files because of it's encoding. You can first check whether the bytes are consistent with an encoding. Oct 4, 2012 · If both ways give success, check out whether it can be read as Ascii too – if it can, the answer is trivial (the file is both UTF-8 and MacRoman encoded), and if not, you need some extra logic. Although most audio file formats support only one type of audio data (created with an audio coder), a multimedia container format (as Matroska or AVI) may support multiple types of audio and video data. Below is an excerpt from Technical Note 2228 of the Mac OS X Reference Library with some more information: Core Foundation tries to access the user's home directory to determine their default text encoding (stored in the file ~/. If in an encoding, any byte value from 0 to 255 maps to a character (as is the case for most pure 8-bit encodings), no data is ever "wrong" for that encoding, from a computer's point of view. csv function to read this file (with the same paramateres given), but as your file is not delimited by commas, but tabulators instead, I do not think it would be pretty. autoGuessEncoding setting was introduced. So call iconv with macintosh* as from argument, and utf-8 as to argument. Edit: Exactly the same is true for the Git GUI. The original notes in the folder claim it is Windows Latin 1 (Turkish is 5) so I believe the information on the file is simply incorrect. – Aug 7, 2017 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand Unfortunately, the file. Scenario: I have an excel file containing a large amount of global customer data. Though the encoding setting was present in the pom. If not - fall back to OEM/DOS encoding. I do not know what encoding was used when the file was created. xml: Unicode text, UTF-16, little-endian $ vim file :set encoding=utf-8 :wq $ file file. Here is the text used for text files and the results of each test: Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей же чаю. " For example, lets say were checking the character set and file encoding of a file named text. docx, . This will add an association for the file to the file encoding settings. – In the TextEdit app on your Mac, choose File > Open, then select the file (don’t open it). dot, . When I open the file on Windows, or in a browser on the Mac, it displays fine. In the above snippet:-b tells file to exclude the file name from the output; so the output is brief-i tells file to include MIME-type information in the output; this information includes the media type and the character encoding of the file If the lines of a file are terminated by CR, CRLF, or NEL, instead of the Unix-standard LF, this will be reported. File Encoding Checker requires . getBytes() and the default constructors of InputStreamReader and OutputStreamWriter has been permanently cached. md 2 commits ago had an ASCII encoding - notice the last dash (-) denoting STDIN. Click Open. Smallest traffic, no required upload file for detect encoding; Light weight, no App required, only a web page program online Cross platform, supported Windows/Mac Mar 25, 2014 · Excel to CSV with UTF8 encoding. – I try to detect which character encoding is used in my file. It reads and processes the file correctly but it seems like it's not using the encoding information I'm giving it. For example: StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(file, System. Oct 10, 2016 · *nix zip utilities silently uses system encoding; So the only way is to check if filename contains something like utf-8 characters (check description of utf8 encoding - first byte should be 110xxxxx, second - 10xxxxxx for 2-bytes encoded chars). file -b outputs only the file type, and not the file name. The command line you pasted actually removes invalid utf-8 codes: what I can suppose, based on the repetition of the same pattern, is that you may have an UTF-8 read as ASCII and output as UTF-8 again, resulting in some garbled double encoding (or it may Sep 12, 2021 · It doesn't really work. dotx, or . Alternatively, you can change the setting globally in Workspace/User settings using the setting "files. It has several constructors which allow you to specify the Encoding. Encoding. In some cases the data will contain indications of the encoding used, but you can't really depend on it. I'm trying to use Chardet to deduce the encoding of a very large file (>4 million rows) in tab delimited format. File Encoding Checker is a GUI tool that allows you to validate the text encoding of one or more files. IntelliJ IDEA will use Note: When this check box is selected, Word displays the Convert File dialog box every time you open a file in a format other than a Word format (Word formats include . Mar 29, 2013 · A codec performs the encoding and decoding of the raw audio data while the data itself is stored in a file with a specific audio file format. csv >filename_UTF-16LE. I didn't ever explicitly specify the encoding. CFUserTextEncoding stores the default text encoding and preferred language for a user. Unicode objects, so equality checks will fail (which might rarely happen anyway because, for instance, Encoding. Free Online String encoding detection tool. Convert the file only if its in UTF-8 encoding. Click Options in the lower-left corner of the window. Before any source code or program is ran on a production (non-development) system it is suggested you test it and fully understand what it is doing not just what it appears it is doing. txt (the . xml: Unicode text, UTF-16, little-endian I saw someone say that he could "set fileencoding=utf-8, then update and write the file, and it works," but I seem to be missing something, or else he was confused. I sometimes have to check this for PEM certificate files. It reads the file in binary mode, feeds each line to a universal detector from `chardet`, and stops when the detector is done or the file ends. For example, many byte sequences are not valid ASCII, or valid UTF-8, or valid UTF-16 or UTF-32. Look at the Charset Detector library and try it out. – Dec 28, 2023 · Maybe the original encoding was MAC (note the final UTF-8 in my commands is only because Linux expects it; the original encoding could be anything), converted to WINDOWS-1252, edited as if it was MAC (i. Let's try a little quiz: I've got some files. To see the contents of an old text file, load it into the calculator and select the encoding. encoding": "windows1252" to the right editor window and save; Now VSCode opens all text files using windows-1252 when there is no proper encoding information set. I'm riding a Mac and I can't find o Oct 8, 2010 · The following command could show you the character encoding set of a specific file. Nov 23, 2010 · See this question and the selected answer. Feb 27, 2012 · In my comment there was a link to how-can-i-best-guess-the-encoding-when-the-bom-byte-order-mark-is-missing which may work for you if the text files have no BOM. The second step is a bit risky if you check only a sample, because some bytes in the rest of the file may be invalid. the encoding; the delimiter char, quote char and escape char; the type of the columns. txt latin1. g. I can print it to the display, but checking the file with file produces. While this command: Jan 12, 2009 · check if the file is aware of its encoding (BOM) check non versatile encodings and accept the first that can decode the bytes (ASCII before UTF-8 because it is stricter) choose a fallback encoding. xml file. encoding property has to be specified as the JVM starts up; by the time your main method is entered, the character encoding used by String. May 8, 2012 · (The same without the C-u shows only a few informations about the character, and the encoding is not part of it. It sure is easy — as long as you know that Apple decided that it would be cleaner to use a non-standard wrapper around the function. At most, you can rule things out. Dec 17, 2021 · How to Check sha256 Hash of a File on Mac. You can press commandi. 10. UTF8 can return different objects), but it (1) doesn't use the really weird UTF-7 format, (2 Feb 3, 2009 · I have a script which combines a number of files into one, and it breaks when one of the files has UTF8 encoding. Without this, a file whose name included the characters CRLF would trigger a false positive. Check the rest of the file. How can I determine the character encoding of plain text files (such as HTML) on Mac OS X? How can I convert multiple files to UTF-8 encoding using *nix command line tools? Aug 10, 2023 · In the Finder, one can right-click on any file, choose Get Info from the secondary menu, and the resulting panel will report the kind of file. The tool can display the encoding for all selected files, or only the files that do not have the encodings you specify. for mac os "brew install moreutils". csv. Here demonstrated on a file containing a german umlaut encoded in utf-8: $ file umlaut-utf8. It looks like this in version 7. Dec 26, 2018 · For MacOS: Click Apple menu > about this Mac . Real world example: Certificate Encoding. May 23, 2023 · CSV files are simply text files, so open it using a text editor like note pad or code editor like Visual Studio Code. The "sane" adjective is important: the goal is to handle automatically generated and correct CSV files, not to guess the format of a manually created file or a flawed file. work perfect. I'd like to narrow it down to loading the first x number of rows of the file, potentially, but I'm having difficulty when I tried to use readline(). Oct 19, 2011 · you click on Tools and then Media Information:. When you open a text file, you see encoding under "Encoding" menu. Here is the bash script to check whether a file is valid UTF-8 or not: How to check character encoding of a file in Linux. The status bar has a newline style indicator on the right end next to the file encoding indicator. GetEncoding(1250)); Jun 14, 2011 · The file command also works in Linux. dotm files). docm, . Jun 23, 2011 · There are a few options you can use: check the content-type to see if it includes a charset parameter which would indicate the encoding (e. Mar 31, 2017 · In Windows command prompt (cmd), there is no command I know of, that is capable of determining how a text file is encoded. UTF-8. . Thanks for Roman Truba's example,COPY the full code below to your shell script. My current solution is a simple shell script: find -type f | while read Feb 25, 2013 · If so, it's simply TortoiseGit using the default encoding of your Windows installation. As long as the input file is not too small it should work fine. May 12, 2016 · This answer is totally wrong. You can try loading the file into a firefox window then go to View - Character Encoding. There should be a check mark next to the file's encoding type. txt) =~ CRLF ]] && echo dos where. sql: Unicode text, UTF-16, big-endian For Java, I suggest you check out this code, which will detect the common file formats and select the correct encoding: How to read a file and automatically specify the correct encoding Mar 11, 2024 · Below, Python code defines a function, `detect_encoding(file_path)`, that uses the `chardet` library to automatically determine the encoding of a text file specified by its path. Aug 11, 2015 · Typically if you’re looking to determine the file type and encoding of an item, you can simply look at the file in the Mac Finder, check the file name extension, Get Info about the file, or even open it to quickly find out what the file is. Use Encodings settings in Terminal to set the character encodings you want available in Terminal. txt US-ASCII As it is a perl script, it can be installed on most systems, by installing perl or the script as standalone, in case perl has already been installed. file -I <filename> Possible output: <filename>: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Please note that the paraemeter -I is the capital letter of i but NOT smaller letter of L. Common ascii files would be simple text or more complicated formatted text such as PDF or XML. The simplest solution I know is using an npm module like detect-file-encoding-and-language. Add a gui. This suggestion works in Sublime Text 2 and 3. Nevertheless, I wrote a small batch file that is able to check a few conditions and thus, determine whether a given text file is ASCII-/ANSI-encoded or Unicode-encoded (UTF-8 or UTF-16, Little Endian or Big Endian). Mar 15, 2023 · In Debian you can also use: encguess: $ encguess test. As a result, readable text or a set of meaningless characters will be displayed if the encoding is not selected correctly. Conversely if you try fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf8,latin1 Vim will first check for a byte-order-mark and decode Unicode files with BOM, then if it failed (no BOM) try to read your files in UTF-8, and if it fails (because some byte sequences in UTF8 are invalid) open your file in latin1. Click the Plain Text Encoding pop-up menu and choose an encoding. Add (or update) the entry "files. Apr 26, 2018 · I don't think there is a "native Node. The file command makes "best-guesses" about the encoding. Which one? Sep 18, 2008 · Recently I "created" a file from a Hadoop Cluster using Hive, and passed it to an FTP before downloading it to various client machines. 4. Aug 28, 2018 · It's not an alphabet, encoding, or a coded character set as ISO/EIC 10646 is, but a standard for encoding, handling, and representation of writing systems. On Mac, it's under Window and then Media Information. sql sample2. I researched a lot but couldn't find the answer. For German and other western European languages, your best bet is to use "Windows-1252" or "CP1252". bkbzv ndnmcw zfbwl axosee lko cspa madrq ljz ztti ibndh