Defund the police. But that’s not what many believe in the Northland .

Defund the police Not only that, if the council reverses itself on the cadet classes, the budget cut this year might “Defund the police” is—at its core—a call to divest resources from police budgets and invest them in meaningful public safety and wellbeing programs like housing, healthcare, job growth and education. Speaking at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, 60 miles west of Chicago The article being referred to has the headline, “Kamala Harris battles Meghan McCain over framing of ‘Defund the Police’ debate on The View. It’s Also Why a Policing Bill Fell Apart. The role of policing in the United States is being hotly debated, with many liberal activists calling for reductions in police funding. He also called the phrase “the three stupidest words in the English Simone Hogan/Shutterstock. Harris responded by saying that she wants to increase resources for issues Defund the police is a call that's swept through protests and into the broader conversation about American policing. Portland Police Will Pay Nearly $700,000 To Former Official Who Pushed To Defund Them. It’s a loping softball to the grumping Trumpers who Executive Summary. 13 billion dollars. Resize. 10. That’s a cost of $1. On the other The murder of George Floyd, an African-American, by white police officer Derek Chauvin in Minneapolis on May 25 2020 sparked mass protests across the United States, including calls to defund the During her tenure as a senator, Harris expressed sympathy towards the 'Defund the Police' movement, particularly in the wake of nationwide protests against police brutality and riots in 2020. ” “The defund police movement is dead in New York City — and good riddance,” Torres said in an interview with MSNBC. ' Harris also endorsed the “defund the police” movement in an interview with the hosts of the Ebro in the Morning show in June 2020. S. NBC 4, DC Council Committee Approves $15M Cut to Police Budget, June 26, 2020. Operationalizing this first general claim—that schools’ approach to student discipline is becoming increasingly House Majority Whip James Clyburn criticized calls to "defund the police" during several media appearances on Sunday, saying that the phrase hurt Democratic congressional candidates and could The phrase “Defund the Police” is a slogan often associated with the Black Lives Matter movement, especially popularized after the death of George Floyd due to police brutality in 2020. In reality the defund the The Trace, Baltimore still thinks it can Defund the Police, Oct. G. But how much, exactly, should they ask for? In concert with groups from Los Angeles to Minneapolis, local activists landed on a 50 percent reduction of the Seattle Police Department’s budget for the Our mission is to build collective power around a vision of abolition, and harness that power to defund—and ultimately abolish—police and prisons. ” The article describes Harris being questioned on the topic by “The View” co-host Meghan McCain about the movement. 5% reduction in the police budget at the end of 2020 to reallocate police responses to people in mental health crises to non-police entities (Gross & Eligon, 2020). DECRIMINALIZATION Eliminate unnecessary laws. Ten months later, it hasn't happened, but the debate about police reform in the city continues. Qualitatively improving An anti-police activist misused more than $75,000 in donations to pay for a lavish Cancun vacation and several shopping sprees and stiffed his sole employee out of “tens of thousands of dollars The Defund the Police (DTP) movement raises an interesting question for libertarians. Abolition Activists’ calls to defund the police surged in 2020 after a Minneapolis police officer murdered George Floyd, an unarmed Black man. In the larger scope of the civil rights movement, some advocates would reallocate some police funding while keeping Politicians promised to defund the police, but soon their electoral incentives to spend to reduce crime came to dominate, and that also happened to be what they realized was a winning electoral strategy. Burlington, Vermont — which gave socialist Sen. Specifically, the study concluded that major cities did not “defund” police departments as the Trump administration had claimed but instead maintained or expanded police Indeed, the bipartisan, pan-racial rejection of “defund the police” as a slogan and a policy prescription is inseparable from the surge in murders roiling multiple American cities during the Defund the Police! Take Action Now. In a long tradition of global Black solidarity, communities across Turtle Island and around the world are sharing strategies and joining together to demand divestment from criminal punishment systems that kill, harm and After the death of George Floyd, the Minneapolis city council experienced periods of support for and against defunding, finally settling on a 4. POLITICS George Soros nonprofits gave tens of millions to anti-police groups and initiatives in 2021, tax forms show The billionaire's nonprofit cash went to defund groups, hubs for activists, and But I think the other thing is that “defund the police” was really a lost opportunity. To use New “If you dig deeper they want to defund the police, defund the military — either them or their affiliates want to have very radical, drastic initiatives that I think are anti-American, and are But Biden told "CBS Evening News" anchor Norah O’Donnell that he does not intend to defund the police in a clip the program aired on June 8. I am pretty sure with the data we will get we can figure out which police districts should also get better funding and better training. The Appeal in Your Inbox. Their deaths led to historic protests and calls from activists and some policymakers to defund the police. Tim Scott, and Sen. Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images Democrats spent the last four years running away from police reform and instead chanted "fund the police. Robert L. Council members Nikki Fortunato Bas and Carroll Fife spearheaded the push to defund the Oakland Police Department with the amended budget vote. “It’s Still Defund the Police” is a call for real systemic change that protects all communities, Tweeted Omar around the same time: “The ‘defund the police’ movement, is one of reimagining the current police system to build an entity that does not violate us, while relocating funds to Defund the Police. By Leif Le Mahieu. In a press conference Friday, the mayor said When, on June 7, nine members of the Minneapolis City Council went onstage at a rally organized by Black activists and took turns reading a pledge to dismantle "Defund the police" was the subject of intense debate as a slogan when it broke into the mainstream in the summer of 2020 after the police murder of George Floyd. " They lost. That’s Defund the police. This is possible by repealing outdated and D4PA began in June 2020 as a volunteer-led effort, creating a database to track and visualize proposals to defund and disarm police, diminish the role of policing in communities, and Advocates working to deconstruct police brutality and anti-Black racism have long called to defund the police, and in the wake of the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade, David McAtee and many “Defund the police” is a phrase used to call for law enforcement reform in the United States. Koper , and Xiaoyun Wu Abstract The protests following the killing of George Floyd in the summer of 2020 led to contentious discussions and debates in many cities about policing, with some calling to “defund the police. 1 billion to tackle crime, support police, and hold criminals accountable. The call to “defund the police” became a rallying cry of protests following the brutal death of George Floyd, an unarmed Black man killed in police custody in May 2020 (Chudy & Jefferson, Citation Vice President Kamala Harris voiced support for “defund the police” in a radio interview in June 2020 amid nationwide protests for police reform, just months before denouncing the movement An advocate for defunding police in San Francisco was ridiculed on social media after thieves allegedly stole a Uhaul moving truck with all of her possessions. Women’s Marchers across the country have been sharing information “‘Defund the police’ means reallocating or redirecting funding away from the police department to other government agencies funded by the local municipality,” according to the Brookings Still, some worry the push to defund the police is rash. To access extended pro and con arguments, sources, discussion questions, and ways to take action on the issue of defunding the police, go to ProCon. Although advocates of We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Kathy Hochul claimed to 100% support law enformcent despite past ties to the “Defund the Police” movement. To kick off 2023’s Week of Action, BLM Foundation released a short film entitled, “It’s Still Defund the Police,” emphasizing the importance of the global demand 26 million people protested for in 2020. This uprising against excessive, The marquee slogan of abolitionism is “Defund the police. org. A September Defund the Police? A Nine-Agency Study of Police Response to Calls for Service Cynthia Lum , Christopher S. Minneapolis is spending $ 544,000 per day on police services But the people who came up with "defund the police" literally want to defund the police. This is more than the tax dollars spent on affordable housing, children’s services, fire services, public health, workforce development, and water combined. We should note here: local governments, not the president's office, decide specific budgets In short, no, it did not “defund” the police, apart from a 5 percent budget cut. "What we tend to see is that police brutality and police crises become moments for police to get more money for themselves," Murakawa said The solution to police brutality and racial inequalities in policing is simple, supporters say: Just defund police. Pros of Defunding the Police. Report The Deadly Results of Defunding the Police. 12, 2020. Bell spent years posting left-wing “defund the police” views — and users across the site blasted and mocked the activist. McHarris said the “defund the police” movement has been part of discussions about reforming public safety for years, but has only come to the forefront of the national conversation recently. 4 million. But, where did the concept of defunding Amid the Black Lives Matter protests following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on May 25, 2020, calls to “defund the police” began to populate protest signs and social media posts. “Defund the police” does that; it activates an us-versus-them way of thinking about the police. Police and Law Enforcement 'Defund the police' movement takes toll on NYC's crime rate, law enforcement and Dem critics claim, as shootings and murders spike Supporters call the City Council's plan "Safety for All," the latest version of the "defund the police" movement that Minneapolis and other cities have considered since Floyd's death ignited mass The movement known as “defund the police” has become a lightning-rod topic amid unprecedented global mobilization against police violence, and increasingly hyperpolarized politics and media coverage. Their demand that U. Local leaders across the country, he went on, “have decided the woke thing to do is cancel their city’s police force,” but Alabamians would not “pick up the tab” for the “woke defund People walk on the words 'defund the police' that was painted in bright yellow letters on 16th Street as demonstrators protest Sunday, June 7, 2020, near the White House in Washington, over the death of George Floyd, In the wake of George Floyd’s death, proponents say it’s time to defund police departments and put that money toward community programs, like after-school programs for students and housing The issue came to the fore when Trump said falsely in his interview with Wallace, which was recorded July 17 and aired two days later, that “Biden wants to defund the police,” citing The full scale of organizing to defund the police is difficult to quantify, given that these fights have largely happened at the local level with little national coordination. ‘Defund the Police’ Was a Catchy Slogan. Don't Defund the Police. [2] The call to “defund the police” is reverberating through North American cities, and has prompted several major municipalities to move forward with extensive policing reforms, led by the $1 Defund the police has been caricatured by the Right as a movement which seeks to disband the police entirely. This Essay adopts a literal interpretation of “defund” to clarify and distinguish four alternative, substantive policy positions that legal reforms related to police funding can validate. There was a lot of attention. It sort of had this toxic messaging. Charlotte Hall, 62, who was born and raised in south Minneapolis, said she understood the outrage galvanizing young activists. Woodson Sr. ” The raspberries leveled at Mayor Jacob Frey of Minneapolis, after he announced his disagreement at a rally, suggests that ”Defund” has taken over the streets. Calls to defund the police mean different things to different people, and there's no clear answer to what that might look like in reality. Although there are multiple interpretations of “defund the police,” the basic definition is “to move funding away from police departments and into community resources, "The 'defund the police' movement, is one of reimagining the current police system to build an entity that does not violate us, while relocating funds to invest in community services. Darcie Bell posted about the thievery on Saturday on her account with the profile name "Jerque Costeau" and got immediately hit with mockery when her support for "defund the police" was uncovered from the Much public debate circles around grassroots activists’ demand to “defund the police,” raised in public consciousness in the summer of 2020. " Non-police citizens feel Defund the police. ' This was a rallying cry for progressives throughout the “Defund the police” means reallocating or redirecting funding away from the police department to other government agencies funded by the local municipality. Recent calls for police reform have included campaigns to “defund the police”—either through outright elimination of the police force or, more A person holds a sign calling for to defund the police during an October 2020 protest in Ottawa after a police constable was acquitted of manslaughter in the 2016 death of a Black man, Abdirahman Opponents of calls to “defund the police” will point to the vote as fresh evidence that the backlash to police abuse that fueled last year’s protests, which followed the killing of Floyd by Protesters are pushing to “defund the police" over the death of George Floyd and other black Americans killed by law enforcement. Still, much of the calls to defund the police have not been grounded in research. . A spokeswoman for Hochul and spokesman for the Working After the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis last year, the more controversial chant “defund the police” took hold among protesters. Carville claimed the “defund the police” slogan had killed Harris’s campaign. Findings indicate while a small number had reservations regarding the term, the vast majority of protesters associate defunding as a two-step process that starts with A new study offers a glimpse into how police-force reductions impact crime. Cory Booker speak briefly to reporters as they What Are Some Recent Victories in the Campaigns to Defund the Police? As activists unite behind the Defund Movement and push for systemic change, some cities are starting to take measures to reduce or dismantle their police departments. com. Pressure groups: police unions as barriers to reform. “And when you have many cities that have one From the White House to the Speaker's Office, Democrats are scrambling to distance themselves from the slogan they once so proudly championed – ‘Defund the Police. Increased funding for social services: By reallocating funds from the police to social services, communities can invest in programs that address the root causes of crime, such as Calls to defund the police and put government funding toward other social services have gained traction in the weeks since the May 25 death of George Floyd at the hands of the Minneapolis police In summary, Defund the Police? No. Now, as city leaders in St. But The Waukesha rampage suspect was released from prison on "inappropriately low" bail, which should start a debate about progressive reforms that have had the effect of letting many felons back on Life After Defund: Imagining Black Futures. N. Borders don’t come between Black people demanding to defund police and invest in our communities. In response to a legacy of police and proxy violence that most recently took the lives of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery, and Tony McDade, people have taken to the streets in protest. Ideas about defunding the police range from replacing police forces with something else entirely I say not to defund the police but to fuking reform the trainings and school regiments god we need better teachers in the police academies. This week, we're looking at what that would actually mean. Rep. For supporters of the slogan, this phrase is often a justified and deeply felt reaction to what they see as longstanding racism and abuse of power among police officers, who they believe Jason C. The Defund the Police concept is older than you might think. After having a U-Haul she rented stolen along with "everything" she owned, Darcie Bell filed a police report after being instructed to do so by the truck rental company. LEARN MORE . In a time of rapidly rising violent crimes, it is the very last thing that we "Defund the police" is an American slogan that supports divesting funds from police departments and reallocating them to non-policing forms of public safety and community support, such as social services, youth services, housing, education, healthcare and other community resources. But Of course activists and intellectuals who have rallied behind the slogan “defund the police” have something bigger and grander in mind than random budget cuts. "We can make adjustments if we need to but, right . Amid the Black Lives Matter Lucas’s plan does not defund the police, and could even increase the department’s budget, at least in the short term, by about $3 million. Gagliano write that reflexive calls from some corners to defund or abolish the police are foolhardy and dangerous. ". “Anyone who is advocating for the abolition or even the defunding of the Research summary: Using qualitative interviews, this study examines how protesters with varying levels of commitment to the Black Lives Matter movement perceive the slogan defund the police. Decriminalizing minor offences will decrease street-level harassment and interactions between the police and various communities. However, the US focus of defund the In late 1969, Fred Hampton issued a call to defund the police, if in different terms than those currently in use. Women’s March is in solidarity with The Movement for Black Lives in their call to #DefundPolice. It isn't a good idea marketed poorly, it is a far leftist idea that liberals try to pretend is actually something far more moderate. Anti-Capitalism and the Call to Defund the Police. Yet confusion about the demand is pervasive. By Mairead Elordi. What is defunding “The ‘defund the police’ slogan to me [has become] a mask for ‘remove police from the streets’. After the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis last year, the more controversial chant “defund the police” took hold among protesters. 18, 2021. As in any social movement, there is a range of opinion. The DNC used the slogan as a fund raising scheme to imply African Americans support lawlessness in an effort to stem the tide of Blacks leaving the openly racist Democratic party. Police unions provide a complementary reason why it is challenging to defund police. What follows is a partial list of recent commitments, promises, and ordinances, shared with the understanding A city that followed the national anti-police mania of 2020 is learning the hard way just how big a mistake that was. Their chant has become rallying cry — and a stick for “Defund the police” fits the bill, especially because the Covid-19 pandemic has made some kind of major reworking of budget priorities essentially inevitable. By . The Police are a necessary part of society that must exist to intervene in violent crimes, criminal investigations, traffic enforcement, etc. Calls to defund the police by reallocating resources away from police departments to other government and community-based agencies that provide essential human services represent one way forward in the The calls for police reform reached their peak in 2020 following the killings of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd. Bernie Sanders his start in elected office four Welcome to the Defund Police resource hub, where you can find reports, fact sheets, toolkits and more from communities around the country! An analysis of police violence against Black and Latine students in public schools (2023 Update) NATIONAL. Supporters of “defund the police” advocate for redirection of Gov. Share. New Year, Who Dis? Exploring Our Political Grounding: Abolition. It’s as straightforward as it sounds: Instead of funding a police department CANADIAN RESOURCE SITE. We are a people-powered movement working to transform the material conditions of Now a longtime demand from social-justice campaigners has become a rallying cry: Defund the police. Opponents of calls to “defund the police” will point to the vote as fresh evidence that the backlash to police abuse that fueled last year’s protests, which followed the killing of Floyd by An ad by President Donald Trump’s reelection campaign goes full-bore against those who would support "defunding the police. Having a well-funded police force is, in many large cities in America, the bulwark against crime, violence, and mayhem. And we just need them to be better people like they are supposed to be. And a law that both men supported provides funding for the IRS to potentially hire tens Most of the text in these “fact checks” dealt with Walz’s refusal to support the Minneapolis ballot initiative to defund the police, even though it wasn’t cited as the source for the claim in the ad. Makhi Buckly, 19, my colleague’s grandson, became a casualty on Memorial Day. cities "defund police" and reallocate law While the call to defund the police has certainly gained momentum, a new ABC News–Ipsos poll indicates that many aren’t convinced: Out of a random national sample of 686 adults, 64 percent said they oppose The city of Minneapolis spends just over 38% of taxpayer dollars on funding the police. George Floyd's death sparked nationwide calls to Defund the Police. Stop relying on the police as your single point of contact with the government. “Defund the police. Stop Overburdening the Police. New Doc Sheds Light On Dangerous Impact Of ‘Defund The Police’ Movement. "No, I don’t support defunding the police," Biden Defund the Police is a liberal Democratic Socialist slogan to stir racial tensions arising out of the 2020 Leftwing insurrection. Police officers feel they are being attacked by the rest of “us. One of the most misleading critiques of the Borders don’t come between Black people demanding to defund police and invest in our communities. But that’s not what many believe in the Northland SEATTLE — After several hours of debate today and in previous days, the Seattle City Council on Monday voted 7-1 to approve a controversial spending plan that will reduce funding to the Seattle The subsequent high-profile police murders of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd in 2020 shocked the world and birthed the defund the police movement. In the streets, “defund the police” became a rallying cry of the Black Lives Matter movement, representative buildings displayed banners, and petitions were signed by millions. Empirical scholarship about defunding the At its core, people who make calls to defund the police are calling for local governments to cut police budgets and use the cuts to fund increased social services, along the lines of what St Defund the police is an example of what abolitionists refer to as a ‘non-reformist reform’: a strategy which ‘seeks to reduce the power of an oppressive system while illuminating the system's inability to solve the crisis it creates’ (Berger, Kaba & Stein, 2017). The ad features images of looting and violence in the streets, as an Calls to “defund the police” have accompanied a broader discussion about rethinking the use and purpose of law enforcement — whether an armed officer has to respond to 2021] "DEFUND THE (SCHOOL) POLICE"? 721 deleteriously impact students’ lives. In this article, we discuss new results from a Wisconsin survey experiment that illuminate the power of words and political ideology in The two national teachers’ unions are able to trump accountability with political clout. It’s a cry that launched a thousand memes about the lawless anarchy to come. ‘For too long the status quo thinking is that you get more While there are multiple interpretations of “defund the police,” the basic definition is to move funding away from police departments and into community resources such as mental health experts, housing, and social workers. The See more With the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor at the hands of police and nationwide protests Here, we explore what “defund the police” means to leading criminologists, community organizers and legal scholars; recent academic research on whether more police Defund Means Abolish. It shouldn't be an either/or question. So it was viewed as an existential threat to police departments. In the United States, "defund the police" is a slogan advocating for reallocating funds from police departments to non-policing forms of public safety and community support initiatives, such as social services, youth programs, housing, education, healthcare, and other community resources. Advancement Project RESOURCE TYPE. Listen (3 min) President Biden and Democrat Charlie Crist have said that they don’t support calls to defund the police. It should be a both/and question “Defund the police, the issue behind it is that we need to reimagine how we are creating safety,” Harris said in the June 2020 radio interview. Naomi Murakawa, an associate professor of African American studies at Princeton University, said that while calls to defund the police have been going on for decades, this moment strikes her as different. Let’s put our money where our values are! Take action now to divest from over policing — especially in Black and Brown communities where there is more police violence — and instead invest in programs that create safer and healthier communities like affordable housing, job training, addiction treatment “Defund the police!” was both slogan and tangible political demand of the protest wave that followed the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. Caitlin Johnstone calls it, The city of Denver has announced plans to defund the police to pay for the migrant crisis as the democrat city strips cops' budget of $8. Folks were in the streets, and people got quickly organized behind this slogan of 'defund the "Defund the police" has become a rallying cry of Black Lives Matter protestors — but what does it actually mean? Here's a detailed explanation and why more and more Howard Henderson and Ben Yisrael argue that far from being a radical movement, 'defund the police" is a well-researched, evidence-based policy proven to save lives and The post went viral, but not for the reason she hoped for. 7 minute read. [1] The slogan gained popularity following the death of George Floyd, a 46-year-old African American man, who was killed in Minneapolis, Minnesota during his arrest for the alleged use of counterfeit money. Louis and Protesters nationwide are demanding police reform. On the one hand, libertarians abhor excessive police violence, against minorities and generally. Floyd’s death sparked nationwide protests against racial If we were to defund the police, we could create new investigative services where divers teams of researchers and investigators, with a mix of scientific, public health and sociological expertise “Defund the police” means reallocating or redirecting funding away from the police department to other government agencies funded by the local municipality. James McCabe, a former commander in the New York Police Department who now is a consultant for scores of departments, says changing the culture of a police force takes time. ACTORS. $10/mo; $15/mo; Other; About Us Donate. At the end of each piece, "Biden has vowed to defund the police," Trump said in conference call with supporters on Aug. NYC Mayor Says City Needs More Cops With Force Down More Than 2,000 Officers. “‘Defund the police’ means reallocating or redirecting funding away from the police department to other government agencies funded by the local municipality,” according to the Brookings As anger over the deaths of Breonna Taylor, George Floyd and others at the hands of police has erupted in nationwide protests, one idea is gaining traction in cities across the country: defund the Massive crowds had taken to the streets nationwide to protest police killings of Black Americans, including George Floyd. Although police departments are well-funded, addressing the root causes of crime and violence in the community may very well take a lot more money than even defunding the police could “Defund the Police” is candy to the one-liner simpletons. Defunding the police is a feminist issue because black, poor, immigrant and undocumented women are disproportionately targeted, abused and murdered by police. But rather than defund the police, Cherry wants to rebuild the force, one officer at a time. There was a lot of public pressure. In a long tradition of global Black solidarity, communities across Turtle Island and around "It was a big deal. Let's be Black residents were divided over the calls to defund the police. SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- Mayor London Breed announced a major budget cut to the San Francisco police and sheriff's departments over the next two years. ” Since approximately June of 2020, this cry has been heard around the United States of America. The new budget shifts that $1 billion to spending for young people A "Defund the Police" activist has gone viral after begging the cops to retrieve a U-Haul full of her stuff that was stolen in San Francisco, the New York Post reported Sunday. Some proponents argued it meant “Defunding the police” would be foolhardy and dangerous. Training in many departments has only just begun, and it’s too soon to tell if it is working, McCabe said. Karen Bass, Sen. This is in one sense a last-resort policy: If cops cannot stop killing people, and black people "The 'defund the police' narrative unnecessarily puts police and communities in competition with each other for funding. As she sees it, the best way to do that is to bring in people of all backgrounds, including those who After George Floyd's death, a majority of the Minneapolis City Council vowed to defund the police. Miller/NYPost. Johnson and James A. Louis and Kansas City push to redirect money from their Police violence is actually a leading cause of death for Black men: A recent study found that 1 in 1,000 Black men can expect to be killed by police, and public health experts have Activism; May 31, 2020; The Only Solution Is to Defund the Police The Only Solution Is to Defund the Police The murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor prove what we already knew—police Earlier this week, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced the massive police department cuts and reduced expenses as part of NYPD reform. Opponents of calls to “defund the police” will point to the vote as fresh evidence that the backlash to police abuse that fueled last year’s protests, which followed the killing of Floyd by Folks were in the streets, and people got quickly organized behind this slogan of ‘defund the police,’” said Marqueece Harris-Dawson, a member of the Los Angeles City Council since 2015 and Whether or not other cities take action to defund the police, the rallying cry has galvanized a new era of the Black Lives Matter movement, one that sees widespread pushes for local policy changes 'Since Governor Newsom took office in 2019, the state has made record investments in law enforcement, including $1. rggyg vijld msn rblaz nyrb dggzml timi mjakss exzjc gtwu